Computers help in agriculture Free Essays

Agribusiness Computers help in horticulture? It can’t sow seeds or collect yields or water fields. Yet, it can support the ranchers and the horticultural researcher in different phases of cultivating. What's more, why haven’t we utilized PCs in agribusiness till date? Only one explanation, ranchers are not happy with PCs. We will compose a custom exposition test on PCs help in horticulture? or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now What's more, since there’s no market for such an innovation, the business never tried to think about that field for making any product. Nations like USA and Australia use programming in their everyday cultivating action. It causes them pick the correct yield for their field, track the development and bookkeeping in the wake of reaping. Unmistakably such innovation is futile for Indian horticulture situation on the grounds that most ranchers in India can't viably utilize it and just a couple would put resources into such a device. So can PC innovation truly help Indian or different nations horticulture? Also, my answer is a major yes. It has a greater task to carry out in Indian farming than in some other nations. Indian horticulture frameworks have an advantageous interaction among ranchers and farming researchers. Researchers need contribution from ranchers about their experience, to think of new procedures for ranchers. In the event that we can by one way or another profit all the essential information to researcher, they can without a doubt concoct better techniques. What's more, on the off chance that we can help in their system arranging by giving devices to do that, researchers will have the option to analyze various methodologies. Having utilized the researchers to come up different cultivating methodologies, the following clear advance is to authorize these procedures through ranchers by letting them pick the one which suits their territory the best. Envision programming, which can foresee the dirt richness of a land subsequent to reaping a specific yield, if we have the dirt ripeness data of the land and the yield to be collected at this point. Well in the event that you can foresee the fruitfulness of the dirt after a specific yield gather, it lets you choose what’s different harvests can be developed later and chooses the best harvest pivot strategy. This would ensure the best return constantly. We are not in a perfect reality where everybody is a PC wizard. In such a non-perfect world, what great would it bring whenever given to ranchers? What number of ranchers are out there who can productively utilize such an apparatus? How to make programming that is so natural to utilize in any event, for ranchers? Then again, in the event that we give this instrument to researcher or government authorities, they can assist ranchers with picking the best yield for their properties. The most effective method to refer to Computers help in farming?, Papers

More Than One Billion Indians a Gigantic Problem or a Sea of Opportunities Free Essays

In the event that the 2011 registration is to be accepted the present populace of India is around 1. 21 billion give or take two or three millions and we as a whole know to which side the scale is going to tip. The Indian populace is shifted on the lines of religion, area yet in addition based on manner of thinking. We will compose a custom exposition test on More Than One Billion Indians: a Gigantic Problem or a Sea of Opportunities or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now While on one hand we are confronting the issue of land procurement from the least fortunate of poor ranchers, then again extravagance vehicle producer brand Mercedes has demonstrated a business development of 67 percent. The colossal populace of India offers a huge support segment which assumes a critical job in building up the economy of a country. In addition, 30% of the populace is between the ages of 10-24 years which plainly shows the measure of undiscovered vitality that India has. Whenever utilized and controls accurately this can be utilized to help our modern and basic segments. The cerebrum channel that India has endured since most recent two decades obviously shows that Indians have enormous potential and they are simply searching for the correct specialty to create themselves. Indians have raised themselves from varying backgrounds and made an imprint in fields from space science to yoga. Then again, the assets that the nation has are constrained and hence a blossoming populace confines the per capita accessibility. We have seen an expansion in the crime percentage because of the inaccessibility of even the most fundamental pleasantries. The administration has unmistakably hit the imprint by making work open doors for the rustic masses through projects, for example, NREGA, NRLM, and so on. Be that as it may, in any event, making such work openings costs the administration a great deal of cash and assets. The glass can be half vacant or half full. We may state we have in excess of a billion mouths to take care of however we overlook that we additionally have in excess of 2 billion hands to make such a humongous errand conceivable. Step by step instructions to refer to More Than One Billion Indians: a Gigantic Problem or a Sea of Opportunities, Papers

The History Of The Conflict Perspective essay

The History Of The Conflict Perspective essay The conflict perspective definition and theory The conflict perspective is the major theory in sociology; with its help sociologists can get explanation for things that happened in society and history. The idea of the conflict theory was introduced by Karl Marx, who convinced that social classes (both groups and individuals) interact with each other on the basis on the conflict, but not the agreement. It means that the strongest groups will always use their power to keep less powerful groups under their control. Actually, the conflict is viewed as the main engine of changes in society, because it produces discrepancies that could be solved in creation new conflicts and discrepancies. So, the process is endless, and this is how the human history evolved. Here are the main principles of the conflict theory: the conflict theory keeps an idea that any fighting happens because of struggle between different groups or classes of society; each society group fights with others to get more resources; all groups want to protect their needs and interests, and they block the other groups progress; each groups individuals express their aggressive impulses while being in relationships with others. Being a humanist, Karl Marx wanted people to reach their full potential. Marx supposed that the entire story can be characterized by an economics fight between the rich and poor people. In his theory, Marx explained why and how people were able to separate from animals when they learned that its possible to produce their own means of existence, but not just to use only provided by nature. He set the conflict between classes as the major moving force of all history and supposed that all changes of society are defined by the conflict. Conflict theory in the context of gender If to view gender from the position of the conflict theory, we can say that men are the dominant and powerful gender that used to subordinate women. In most countries, men were those who historically held responsibility and power in their families, and women had to fulfill their own obligations and roles, such as raising children, making housework, cooking food. The German sociologist F. Engels made research on the gender roles and family hierarchy from the perspective of K. Marx. He supposed that relationship between man and woman in family is almost the same as relationship between proletariat and bourgeoisie classes, because women are dependent and have less power and rights than men. Modern sociologists say that nowadays, the family model was changed because many women became breadwinners, so theyve got the power in the structure of family. Such women try to create more democratic atmosphere in their families, though some of them are still responsible for all domestic problems. Human always tries to get power, whether it is politics, or outdoor games, work place or family. Authoritative position is important for all people. There are a lot of different communities and social groups that can have different religions and classes. All these people have quite various values, perspectives and goals. The collision between their values and perspectives causes the conflict between people. The conflict may have different reasons such as owning the land or power, production, or the political power. Its possible to say that people interact with each other using not a cooperation, but competition, and of course it causes a conflict. We know that all people always strive for advantage and power, so it means the conflict between them changes constantly. When we have large communities that compete for anything, it often can lead to significant social changes. So, conflict perspective means all differences between people and groups in the society.

Human Cloning Should be Permitted Essay example - 1371 Words

Human Cloning Should be Permitted What would you say if I told you that scientists had just developed a new procedure that could lead not only to the cure for cancer, but would provide an unlimited source of organ donors and could lead to the first effective treatment of nerve damage? Now adding on to this scenario lets say that our government was taking action to ban this new procedure because of a few myths and some loud mouthed conservatives. This scenario is true and is taking place with human cloning at this very moment. If you dont act fast this crowning achievement of medical science could be lost forever. This procedure will be both a contribution to science and a betterment of the human race. Human cloning will†¦show more content†¦It also could lead to a way to repair damaged nerves by cloning the nerve cells from the injured person. Millions of Americans suffer from a terrible neurological disorder known as Parkinson disease. This disease affects the control of the muscles. Through the valuable information about genetics that we will learn through cloning scientists could learn what causes Parkinson disease and learn how to treat it better. Nature has a cruel way of dooming innocent children to horribly short and painful lives. Genetically inherited diseases such as hemophilia and Downs syndrome could be identified and treated while the baby is still in the mothers womb. This could spare countless innocent children and parents from years of horrible suffering. Many couples that are infertile still have a great desire to create a new life however the current method in vitro fertilization is very often ineffective. In fact it only results in a healthy pregnancy 10% of the time. However cloning could be much more effective. Contrary to one of the biggest arguments against cloning it would not effect the worlds genetic diversity because the economics and emotional factors would make very few parents choose cloning. The amount that will probably clone represents a drop in the ocean of genetic diversity. Since I began doing this project I have heard countless arguments against human cloning, howeverShow MoreRelated Human Cloning Should Not be Permitted Essay4264 Words   |  18 Pages     Ã‚   According to Richard Seed, cloning is inevitable.   If I dont do it, someone else will.   Theres no way you can stop science (qtd. in Kadrey 2001). Depending on ones personal opinion about cloning, human cloning in particular, a quote such as that will most likely either anger a reader or excite them.   Human cloning is one of the hottest topics for debate in society today-the lines are very strictly drawn between those in favor of continuing cloning research and those who are staunchlyRead MoreShould Cloning Be Allowed?1440 Words   |  6 Pagesstory, human cloning is becoming a feasible practice. Recently there has been a successful cloning of a sheep, so scientists start to speculate the different uses of cloning human embryos. The three forms of cloning that stand out are reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, and cloning for scientific research. Cloning should be permitted, but only reproductive cloning should be permitted with a limit on the number of babie s a person or family can reproduce. The arguments that support cloning dependRead MoreCloning And Its Implications On Human Cloning1497 Words   |  6 PagesCloning and Its Sociobiological Implications Picture this: walking down a street and seeing someone who looks exactly like you. They do the same things as you, act the same way you do, and are exactly alike in several ways. But have people ever considered the consequences of human cloning if it becomes permitted? Human cloning might seem like something out of a science-fiction novel, but it may someday be possible with advances in science and technology. This will result in the creation of severalRead MoreBenefits of Cloning Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Cloning What if while walking down the street you encountered someone who looked exactly like you? Would you stare in amazement or would your heart be filled with fear? At first some people may look upon the idea of cloning with disgust and question themselves if humans should play God while others would be interested and study the many possibilities that cloning offers. This illustrates the path that cloning has taken over the latter part of the twentieth century. At first, whenRead MoreEvaluation Of A Good Argument1394 Words   |  6 Pagesbill and cloning, does not make them the same. In one situation, two persons life is preserved, and in the other a person’s life is changed. The author could have avoided this fallacy by not comparing these two totally different situations at all or giving an analogy that has the same situation as human cloning. 7.4 – Positive Critique: In the fifth paragraph the author argues that the paternal and maternal linages are not the most important thing as what we identify ourselves with us humans, whichRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cloning Humans793 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have the intuitive sense that there is something immoral and wrong about the cloning of humans. I believe that it is an inhumane violation of the natural order of nature to clone humans, and our society will not benefit if research on this topic is continued. Scientists should be focusing their research on more important issues, like curing cancer or mass purifying water in third world countries. By cloning human beings, we would be viewing children, and people in general, as objects that canRead MoreMy College Experience1176 Words   |  5 Pagesthe statement that is the point of each argument. Group 1 a. Human cloning may be part of God’s plan for us. b. Human cloning is a natural extension of the scientific process. c. Human cloning will allow the family to expand in a new direction. d. Human cloning should be permitted. Group 2 a. Cloning is playing God to an unacceptable degree. b. Cloning is medically unsafe. c. Human cloning should not be permitted. d. Cloning will destroy the integrity of the family. Group 3 a. In smallRead MoreThe Prospect Of Human Cloning1295 Words   |  6 Pages The prospect of human cloning was introduced in February 1997 when an embryologist was able to produce a lamb through the process of cloning. Once the lamb was cloned, the question of whether research for human cloning came into being. Society and researchers have feuded over whether human cloning should be banned or allowed for research and reproduction purposes. Each side has reasonable ideologies to continue their stance towards the opposing argument. Pro- cloners believe that the research developedRead MoreEthical Issues Related to the Cloning Debate1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe act of cloning a human being comes dangerously close to human beings acting as God. Do human beings have the right to tamper with nature in this way? This essay explores the various ethical issues related to the cloning debate, and seeks answers to this deep philosophical question at the heart of bioethics. As a student of gene tic biology and future biologist, this question also has personal relevance. Our science is evolving at a rapid pace. As human cloning becomes increasingly possible, itRead MoreThe Cloning Of The Sheep990 Words   |  4 PagesThe successful cloning of â€Å"Dolly† the sheep caused a worldwide reaction. Many arguments as to whether it is morally acceptable to clone a human being have taken place, resulting in human cloning being legal in some countries while illegal in others. There are two forms of cloning, reproductive and therapeutic. In Britain therapeutic cloning is legal, if you have a license, whereas reproductive cloning is illegal. 41% of Americans are against cloning in general and 87% are against producing a child

What is True Love - 612 Words

Love; the feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection(Dictionary). Love is indeed a magical force of attraction that takes time to develop and requires much more than just a strong attraction. Knowing this, love at first sight is simply not possible, and this can be proven by a variety of reasons. For one the demands of a human go beyond the matter of appearance. More importantly it is important to know that the power behind true love takes time to form and is impossible to form within a matter of seconds. Furthermore, love goes beyond feelings and takes in account your willingness to take action. Due to the minimal amount of interaction love at first sight is impossible. As a result of the effort and time it takes to form true love, love at first sight is simply impossible. Consequently long lasting relationships are formed by couples who have discovered true love. When a person first sees someone, it is impossible to know if that person really fits who she or he is looking for. Yet, when people get to know each other better they begin to value that person for who he or she truly is. This is proven by Helen Fisher, current blogger at Oprah’s website when he states,†Psychologists say that the more you interact with a person you like (even slightly), the more you come to regard him as good-looking, smart, and similar to you—unless you discover something that breaks the spell. So its wise to hang in for a second meeting. It can take years sometimes for twoShow MoreRelatedWhat Is True Love?1377 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is True Love? Looking at the world today, it can be hard to recognize love. There is anger all over the world ranging from the government to terrorists. America’s news feed is filled with events of hate and devastation. CNN’s top stories include events of bombing and shootings on top of many different acts of hate. A most recent incident on CNN’s top stories list, is the Ohio nightclub shooting that took place on March 26th, killing one (Croft et. al). These reported incidents make it difficultRead MoreWhat Is True Love?1847 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is true love? Is love defined by the college athlete towards his or her sport, or the teenagers to video games, or the love of a mother towards their child? According to Krishna Sechadri, â€Å"Love could be considered as a collection of activities associated with the acquisition and retention of emotions needed to survive and reproduce.† For this reason, humans need love in order to survive. Moreover, love is a feeling r eproduced by the neurotransmitters in our brain; thus, this means that humanRead MoreWhat is the Definition of True Love? Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesI wanna love you and treat you right; I wanna love you every day and every night: Well be together with a roof right over our heads; Well share the shelter of my single bed; Well share the same room, yeah! - for Jah provide the bread. Is this love - is this love - is this love - Is this love that Im feelin?--- Bob Marley. Bob Marley wrote and sang about love just like hundreds of people before him. His idea of true love was sharing with someone in orderRead MoreWhat Are The Examples Of True Love In The Princess Bride737 Words   |  3 PagesThe Princess Bride undermines the cheesy ideals of classic fairytales while celebrating true love? Westley’s reinvention of himself throughout the movie? Is the young boy a spoiled brat? Is life â€Å"unfair†? What are the examples of true l ove in the movie? True love isn’t how it seems, it always has issues and doesn’t go the way you wanted it to all the time. Westley goes from a farm boy to a life saver. He never gives up, and overcomes everything that is in his path. The young boy is spoiled and doesn’tRead MoreWhat Does True Love Really Feel Like?812 Words   |  4 Pagesforgotten what it s like to be treated like a human being. We’ve shaped most of this generation to forget about true emotions. We ask the question â€Å"What does true love really feel like?† We as a society throw the word †Love† around so much, that to some of us that word has just as much meaning as any other word in the dictionary.That word could be also lacking in someone s life. It would’ve been over a year since that person has had that word, that sentence spoken to them â€Å"I love you†. It’sRead MoreA Valediction : Forbidding Mourning1178 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is love? ( An analysis of the messages from A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ) What is the definition of love? Importantly, what comprises love? One can speculate on what it means to be in love; though, often it takes the actual experience to know. While, there are many theories on what true love is, and how one knows their love is pristine. No one elaborates better on what true love is than John Donne. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning by John Donne expresses what true love consistsRead MoreRomeo and Juliet, Tragedy or Romance791 Words   |  3 PagesRomance? What determines what a true love story is? Many events in Romeo and Juliet make the audience question whether or not they are truly in love or are just blinded by a false or not true version of a not so deep feeling. Romeo and Juliet is a famous love story but it stands out compared to other love stories. Romeo and Juliet continue to be a true love story to this day. They are married at a young age and differentiate from other love stories, it’s still considered to be true love, though someRead MoreSonnet 116 by William Shakespeare1002 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a constant theme of love found consistently within many forms of literature. The reoccurring theme of love is indicated within two poems, Sonnet 116 written by Shakespeare and Cinderella by Anne Sexton. Love is like a diamond, extremely rare and difficult to find. Shakespeare and Anne Sexton surpassed many other author’s in being able to capture the theme of love in their pieces of literature. Sonnet 116, written by Shakespeare, is one of the most popular love poems to this day. The poemRead MoreMetaphors In Sonnet 116724 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 116† illustrates an image of what true love is and what it  is not. Through the use of imagery, the speaker defines love as unchanging and persevering, but  if it isn’t, then it can’t be considered true love. Although this may be true, the speaker concludes  that if he is wrong and is proven so, then his idea of love is false and no man has ever loved.    The speaker begins by saying, â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds / Admitimpediments† (1-2). In these lines, the speakerRead MoreHappiness in True Love After reading â€Å"True Love† I have concluded that Szymborska is trying600 Words   |  3 PagesHappiness in True Love After reading â€Å"True Love† I have concluded that Szymborska is trying promoting true love to the people who don’t believe, by stating the positive aspects to make people live a happier life. In the poem â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska, it is obviously talking about true love such as how it happens, and when people are in love or a relationship. She uses a continuous form of sarcasm of people who do believe in true in love, and those who do. This making her a believer, creates

South Korean Economy Analyzed Free Essays

South Korea in recent decades has been one of the most dynamic economies in the world. Over the period from 1965 to 1990, the rate of growth of per capita GNP was greater than that of any other country in the world (Watkins 1999). Major Korean enterprises such as Lucky Goldstar and Samsung are now common household brand names all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on South Korean Economy Analyzed or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well, Hyundai and Daewoo, the two leading South Korean auto manufacturers, both offer products that are able to compete on the worldwide market along with other major car producers. In analyzing the South Korean economy, it is important to look at the various factors behind this remarkable success story. The boom and rapid expansion of the Korean economy is due largely in part to the radical changes and new policies introduced under the Park Chung Hee government of 1961-1979. Significant new economic policies included reinforcing the system of chaebol, creating a policy of import substitution with an export-led approach, fostering the development of industries designed to compete effectively in the world’s industrial export markets, nationalizing the banks, as well as working on to educe Korea’s large external debt. It is these policies, introduced throughout the 1960’s and 70’s, which caused a future boom in South Korea’s economy and continue to influence it at the present day. One extremely important aspect of the South Korean economy is the concept of chaebol. Fathered by Park Chung Hee in the early 1960’s, chaebol are conglomerates of many companies clustered around one holding company. The parent company is usually controlled by one family. It started off as a few specially selected large firms encouraged to tailor their growth and production targets to meet South Korean government objectives and were dependant on state-owned banks for the credit they needed to operate and grow. Government-chaebol cooperation was essential to the subsequent economic growth and astounding successes that began in the mid-1960’s. The chaebol were able to grow because of two factors – foreign loans and special favors (Song 1997). Access to foreign technology also was critical to its growth throughout the 1970’s and 80’s. Under the guise of â€Å"guided capitalism†, the government selected companies to undertake projects and channeled funds from foreign loans. The government guaranteed repayment should a company be unable to repay its foreign creditors. Additional loans were made available from domestic banks. In the late 1980’s, the chaebol dominated the industrial sector and were especially prevalent in maufacturing, trading, and heavy industries. Today, the chaebol remains the backbone of South Korea’s economy. Examples of chaebol include Samsung, Daewoo, and Goldstar. To give an idea to how successful and powerful this economic concept evolved into, in 1983, the country’s three largest corporations, all under the chaebol system, accounted for over a third of South Korea’s entire Gross National Product (Ibid, p63). The 1960’s saw the reduction of U. S. aid to South Korea, aid which had largely kept the country afloat for the past decade following the Korean War. This made feasible the import substitution strategy the Park Chung Hee government had established. Combining a policy of import substitution with an export-led approach, government policy planners selected a group of strategic industries to back, including electronics, shipbuilding, and automobiles. New industries were nurtured by making the importation of such goods difficult. When the new industry was on its feet, the government worked to create good conditions for its export. Incentives for exports included a reduction of corporate and private income taxes for exporters, tariff exemptions for raw materials imported for export production, business tax exemptions, and accelerated depreciation allowances (Kim 1997). This strategy was largely responsible for establishing Korea’s strong export-led industries that exist today. Favorable conditions mean that there will always be a demand for their product, both domestically and overseas. In the latter part of Park’s reign as president, he fostered the development of industries designed to compete effectively in the world’s industrial export markets. These major strategic industries consisted of technology-intensive and skilled labor-intensive industries such as machinery, electronics, and shipbuilding. The plan stressed large heavy and chemical industries, such as iron and steel, petrochemicals, and nonferrous metal. As a result, heavy and chemical industries grew by an impressive 51. 8 percent in 1981 (Amsden 1992); their exports increased to 45. 3 percent of total output (Ibid, p103). These developments can be ascribed to a favorable turn in the export performance of iron, steel, and shipbuilding, which occurred because high-quality, low-cost products could be produced in South Korea. By contrast, the heavy and chemical industries of advanced countries slumped during the late 1970’s. This strategy helped to establish South Korea’s economic role as a major worldwide industrial exporter, even in a time of turmoil created by the OPEC debacle. It was a plan that was carried right through the 1980’s and well into the 90’s by successive governments, who recognized its formula for success. When Park took control in 1961, one of his first orders of business was to extend government control over business by nationalizing the banks. As well, he merged the agricultural cooperative movement with the agricultural bank. The government’s direct control over all institutional credit further extended Park’s command over the business community. The Economic Planning Board was created in 1961 and became the nerve center of Park’s plan to promote economic development (Kearny 1991). The Board exists to this day; it is charged primarily with economic planning, as well as coordinating the economic functions of other government ministries. The Bank of Korea continues to exist as a government-controlled financial institution, operated by the Ministry of Finance. In 1975 South Korea was the fourth largest debtor among developing countries with external debt totaling nearly $47 billion U. S. (52 percent of GNP) (Kim 1997). The Park government used its substantial current account surpluses between 1976 and 1979 to reduce and even repay its foreign debt. South Korean banking institutions were banned from obtaining long-term bank loans until the end of the year. The government also reduced the availability of foreign currency loans. This strategy worked, and as a result, South Korea’s gross foreign debt dropped to $29. billion U. S. in 1979 (Ibid, p. 74). The dramatic reduction of the debt by the Park government established a solid groundwork for economic growth and expansion by successive governments in the 1980’s and 90’s. Today, South Korea has in place solid debt management policies and has graduated from its status as a World Bank loan recipient. In analyzing the South Korean economy, it is not hard to see why it has developed into the world’s 11th largest economic system (Song 1997). The truth is in the numbers. During the 1970’s, some estimates indicate, Seoul had the world’s most productive economy. The annual industrial production growth rate was about 25 percent (Ibid, p131); there was a fivefold increase in the GNP from 1965 to 1978 (Ibid, p131). In the mid-1970’s, exports increased by an average of 45 percent a year (Ibid, p132). Today, it is a major exporter of electronics, heavy machinery, and automobiles. The remarkable success of this dynamic economy can be attributed to the radical new economic policies and changes brought about by the Park Chung Hee government of 1961-1979. Significant new economic strategies included developing the system of chaebol, creating the import-substitution policy, fostering the development of industries designed to compete in the world’s industrial export markets, nationalizing financial institutions, as well as working on to reduce South Korea’s large external debt. Successive governments continued to implement these policies and many are still in place today. South Korea is definitely an economic powerhouse to be reckoned with, and the world may still have yet to feel the wrath of this Asian Tiger. How to cite South Korean Economy Analyzed, Essay examples

The Phenomenology Of Racism Example For Students

The Phenomenology Of Racism Growing up my parents always taught me to respect everyone for who they were regardless of their race or culture . Even though my parents was raised in a racially segregated environment that had a strong impact on their world view and sense of others in the world. I grew up in a privileged family in the suburban area of Atlanta, Georgia. Not many African Americans attended my school with me . My parents and grandparents experienced racism in their community.I am pushed by my family to work hard and be the best that I can be. As I was reading a very interesting power point, I learned that the phenomenology of racism promotes negative attitudes to other blacks and Africa. It also normalizes attitudes of desire and debasement toward white people and white culture . According to the power point , the ideal is for a black woman or man s judgement of themselves or others to escape white norms and values. Racial structure is the totality of the social relations, frameworks and practices that reinforce white privilege. When race emerged, it formed a racialized social system/structure, referred to as white privilege, that awarded systematic privileges to whites over non-whites. Since students of color are actual or potential deviants of the institutionalized white privilege system, the majority works hard to hide it (Lewis 88). Racial ideology consists of racially-based frameworks used by individuals to explain and justify or challenge the racial status quo. As a person of color, I feel that in order to challenge racism and hierarchical oppression it is necessary to understand the dominant racial group whose power and privilege are dependent on how it normalizes and makes unnoticeable the ways it gained, maintains, and perpetuates white supremacy. Cultural racism is another way whites justify the modern deracialized society (Bonilla-Silva 2006). Since race as a biological phenomena has been disproven, racial differences among individuals still needs to be explained, and, consequently, culture is looked at as a marker of social, political, and economic inequality. This frame of colorblind racism relies on culturally based arguments to explain the socioeconomic standing of minorities, an example being that blacks do not succeed because they are lazy. Whites are able to maintain the status quo and their white privilege by not taking responsibility for the racial disparities they created and perpetuated in society; instead, whites blame minorities who are the victim. Cultural racism blames the social status of minorities on cultural values, which lack emphasis on education and hard work. My family, however, strongly stresses the importance of a higher level of education and working hard. I am proof that not all blacks are lazy ind ividuals who want everything handed to them. Cultural racism inappropriately applies some unfounded generalizations or stereotypes on the entire minority group Minimization is another way for the dominant racial group to explain that racism no longer exists (Bonilla-Silva 2006). Minimization allows whites to ignore claims of racial inequality from individuals and communities of color who are personally experiencing it. In essence, minimization gives whites another reason to disregard the racial disparities in society as complaints from minorities about their lack of social and economic success. I have heard whites say, in regards to the African-American community, that if blacks worked hard instead of complaining about nonexistent injustices, we would not have to beg for help. The minimization of racism suggests that discrimination is no longer a central factor affecting minorities’ life opportunities with sayings such as â€Å"It’s better now that it was in the past.† â€Å"Many whites admonish blacks for being ‘too race conscious’ in a world that would be better off if everyone would be ‘color-blin d†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Jaret and Reitzes 1999:732). Minimization also allow whites to be racist through the rhetoric of colorblind racism, by silencing the voice of the oppressed, telling those who are experiencing racism that they are being â€Å"hypersensitive† and allowing the oppressor to analyze and determine what is and is not considered to be racist (Bonilla-Silva 29).through the rhetoric of colorblind racism, by silencing the voice of the oppressed, telling those who are experiencing racism that they are being â€Å"hypersensitive† and allowing the oppressor to analyze and determine what is and is not considered to be racist (Bonilla-Silva 29). There are times, even at home when I feel that I have to censor myself in order to prevent myself from becoming the â€Å"‘hypersensitive’ African-American† woman. Most whites believe that discrimination only exists in isolated pockets, not affecting society as a whole. Few whites claim to be racist, asser ting that they do not judge by race, but by character. . In contemporary society, minorities lag behind whites in almost every area of life, including education, wealth, and housing. Whites rationalize this disparity by saying that it is the product of market dynamics and naturally occurring phenomena, which is not the case. Racial disparities are the result of white privilege. My immersion in black environments, however, left me frustrated that I had to deal with race on a daily basis when so many of my black friends rarely did. In seventh grade I remember coming home at least once a week for months crying to my parents to let me look at other schools for eighth grade or at least high school. I begged them to let me transfer somewhere where I could have â€Å"normal† black experiences, where I could be around people who were like me and appreciated me for exactly who I was. Even though the black friends I gained through my youth organization didn’t understand some par ts of me, like my love for musical theatre or why I always spent so much time on homework, I felt much more comfortable around them than some white girls in my classes that thought I was dirty because I only had to wash my hair weekly or bi-weekly, or that referred to everything from overcooked chicken tenders to an outfit they didn’t like as â€Å"ghetto†. My group of friends at school was diverse and I can’t deny we had some great middle school memories. We were all females, one black, three white, a Japanese girl and an Indian girl. However, the other black girl and I were the only two of friends that did not grow up in the same social circles as our friends. As I further immersed myself in blackness, I began to see how often I was placed in a box and marginalized by my teachers, peers and their parents by comments like Why are you upset with an 89? That’s good for youand I never would’ve thought you were so well spoken and You’ve never s een a home like this have you? I also realized, as I grew closer to my friends at school, that making comments about my frustrations to them often just made me more upset. Talking to them forced me to see that no matter how close we were, they simply didn’t understand why I saw these to this day the common, slang use of the word â€Å"ghetto† annoys me. While the term originated as a term to describe destitute and deprived Jewish quarters in European cities during World War II it has taken on a variety of meanings (Seligman: 2003: 273). It is used by historians to describe â€Å"an area of a city that is racially or ethnically isolated, usually against the wishes of its inhabitants† (Seligman 2003: 273). Today, however, one of Webster’s dictionaries definitions of the word â€Å"ghetto† says it is â€Å"a situation that resembles a ghetto especially in conferring inferior status or limiting opportunity† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). It is th is definition that has allowed the word â€Å"ghetto† to enter the slang discourse of a variety of people in the way in which my white friend was using it. To refer to the overcooked chicken tenders she didn’t want to eat as ghetto was to say that anything ghetto was inappropriate, undesirable and as Webster’s dictionary quotes, inferior. What made it worse is that the word was often used by white friends to actually describe things that they specifically related to black people. A white girl with a large butt was said to have a â€Å"ghetto booty† because it resembled the butts of black girls in rap videos. I don’t even believe they realized how problematic their use of the word was or how offensive it could be, but it definitely caused a lot of frustration on my part. In many instances it just made me even more annoyed. Many of my white friends told me I was overreacting and it couldn’t be about race because I was â€Å"not really blackâ €  (Tatum 2004: 123), as if being educated and in a predominantly white environment automatically lightened my skin, while many of my minority friends would nonchalantly identify my sentiments as â€Å"just the way it is.† The majority of my friends not only attended school in this type of environment, but they also lived in the neighborhoods surrounding our school and had parents who spent a significant portion of their time in similar work and social environments. For my white, Japanese, and Indian friends it seemed that they were more comfortable accepting this society as their reality. I always wondered if their economic status allowed them to handle our school environment better than I did, but once I met other African American students that grew up in similar environments many of them shared the same disturbance and frustration with situations that took place in their school environments. It made me question even further the status of being black in the United States . Was my frustration with race self-imposed or is the black experience really that much different than that of other races in our country? At the end of the day, it was my view of race that caused the greatest divide between myself and my friends, not because they cared that I was black but instead that they didn’t understand what it meant that I was black. It is common when people’s feelings are invalidated by others that they â€Å"disengage.† Disengaging is not just ending the conversation but being less likely to discuss it again with those who didn’t understand and look for people who do (Tatum 1997: 59-60). That’s exactly what I did. I stopped discussing race with everyone at school except my one black friend and I internalized a message, an assumption rather, that white people and many other minorities simply didn’t understand my racial identity and what it meant to be black. Freshman year my school took in new admits in large waves i n the first, sixth and ninth grades. While we missed any incoming black students in the sixth grade, there were six new admits in the ninth grade. From day one of freshman year we found each other and for the first time since I entered my school in the second grade I felt a deep sense of belonging. I didn’t lose my original set of friends from middle school, but things did change some. Our white friends found different social groups and two of the new black girls joined our group of friends, along with a Chinese girl. Not only did I develop a solid group of friends freshman year, but there were two additional black friends, and I was ecstatic at the mere possibility of finally dating. Freshman year was a turning point. It allowed me to realize that it wasn’t my school itself that I hated but instead its inability to help me develop outside of the academic arena (Tatum 2004: 132). So often people make comments that children shouldn’t have to see themselves as bla ck, but in actuality, â€Å"The parts of our identity that do capture our attention are those that other people notice, and that reflect back on us. The aspect of identity that is the target of others’ attention, and subsequently of our own, often is what sets us apart as exceptional or â€Å"other† in their eyes† (Tatum 1997:21). I didn’t choose to separate myself as a black female. I didn’t choose to look for black friends solely because I thought there was something wrong with white people, I looked for black friends because I felt white people thought there was something wrong with me. From the time I entered my first predominantly white second grade class I was made to feel different. In the fourth grade I remember talking to a girl who asked me, â€Å"Why don’t you ever wear your hair down?† As innocent as her question was, it was apparent that she saw it as weird and at the age of eight I was forced to try to explain the differ ence between white hair and black hair to a girl who really didn’t care to hear the details. She just wanted to know what my hair would look like if I wore it down. Then I looked around and saw that everyone else did get to wear their hair down except me. Instances like this served as constant reminders that I was different and that people noticed that I was different, I couldn’t change it but it often changed people’s perception of me. As if being the only female with dark skin wasn’t enough, I felt like every other difference between us drove a larger and larger wedge between me and my white peers. I believe Tatum says it best: Why do black youths, in particular, think about themselves in terms of race? Because that is how the rest of the world thinks of them. Our selfperceptions are shaped by the messages we receive from those around us, and when young black men and women enter adolescence, the racial content of those messages intensifies† (Tatum 1997: 53-5. As soon as I grew to enjoy my time at this school, I was forced to leave. My parents moved our family to the suburbs, and I now lived about 45 minutes from my school. My parents enrolled me in the public high school in our neighborhood and this is when I first came to understand how privileged I truly was to attend my private school. The public school I attended was considered a good public school, yet it did not measure up against the academics I received at my private school. While not particularly academically satisfying, the two years I spent outside of my private school environment were critical in my ability to further explore my phase of immersion. My public high school was much more representative of the true demographics of America and I finally met white people that were accustomed to black people and were much more accepting. I was also able to meet a larger variety of black students from a variety of different backgrounds and it gave me a true scope of image s both positive and negative that were crucial developing my understanding of where I fit in among the many varieties of blacks. As I was able to forge relationships with a variety of people from various racial, cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, my process of internalization began.After getting my own car junior year, I asked my parents if I could go back to my private school for my senior year. I attributed so much of my growth as a person to my time there and, although I hated it while I was there, being away helped me to appreciate the educational advantages I was afforded. My experiences forced me to grapple early on with many questions about race that some people wouldn’t be forced to face until college or beyond. Another part of me just wanted to attain the honor of graduating from a prestigious school after enduring so many frustrations for so long. Either way, this is when my internalization further developed. My senior year, I entered the school I had spent so much of my life in with a brand new confidence. I worked to put together a completely student-led Black History program, starred in musicals, participated in concert choir and show choir, and I developed some valuable friendships that I still have to this day. Conclusion As Tatum forewarned, when I continued on to college I went back along certain stops on the â€Å"spiral staircase† of my racial identity formation. For the first time I didn’t have the support system of my family or a stable support group of black friends that I was used to having help me pass through my development phase. In fact not having this support system provided the greatest interruption to my racial identity formation. I knew West Ga would not be a predominantly black environment, but I didn’t Internalization is the point in Cross’ nigrescence theory where â€Å"an individual has a positive attitude towards members of his or her own racial group as well as other racial groupsâ⠂¬  (Buckley 2005: 650). Race, I realize the black population would be quite as small as it is. Academically I worked hard and enjoyed it and socially I traveled to my grandparents’ house in Carrollton every other weekend. Having finally understood who I wanted to be as I came out of high school, I felt out of place. I had reached the internalization portion of my racial identity formation and I was comfortable in my blackness. I was not angry with white people nor did I feel a need to separate myself, but I knew who I was and who I wanted to be and after my past experiences with race I was no longer willing to change that. In the academic arena I don’t deny that sometimes I still choose to â€Å"cover† certain aspects of my personality or identity that aren’t appropriate in an academic setting, but in social arenas I was not willing to do so. More significantly, as is common through the internalization phase, I viewed race as a salient portion of my lif e and I had a desire to commit myself to black issues (Cross: 1991: 212-213). I decided to join a city-wide historically black sorority instead of the local predominantly white sororities on campus. My sorority has had the most significant impact in my ability to be the person I am and has served as my platform to address issues within the black community that concern me. Through Black Student Union I worked diligently to be supportive of others within the black community as well as educating the larger community about the positive aspects of black culture. Although I have still associated with people of all walks of life, my time in college has brought me back to grappling questions of race. Before college my only view of racism was the basics: Slavery, segregation, the Civil Rights Movement, a few influential black Americans, as well as along with the occasional (and usually ignored) viewpoints of family members about how it’s hard to be black in America. However, coming to college and learning concepts like institutional racism, residential segregation, immigration laws and even the simple fact that race is social construct and not a biological one opened my eyes to see race and racism differently. I never doubted that racism was real, but through my academic studies in college it has forced me to realize how real it really is. Race is a subject that continuously interests me, that I constantly question, and I’m always interested to learn more about. Regardless of whether or not I have it all figured out race is a huge part of who I am. It has shaped my experiences in a significant way. As I have journeyed through life, my attitude about my identity has gone from being sure, to being utterly confused, to being inquisitive, and now to being proud. Although the racial socialization of my family couldn’t completely protect me from the harsh realities of living in a racialized society where discrimination is still present, they provided me with a foundation of race consciousness and racial pride that I could turn back to (Tatum 2004: 129). I don’t believe I would have the same level of appreciation for who I am as a person and more specifically a person of color without having been forced to grapple with these issues. Although I do feel many aspects of my school environment could have better facilitated my development, I believe I am a stronger person because of my experiences. .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c , .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .postImageUrl , .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c , .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c:hover , .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c:visited , .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c:active { border:0!important; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c:active , .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7aa2cbc51249ec827e498adf579f4f8c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Themes of the American Dream, Racism, and White Privilege in Between the World and Me, a Novel by Ta-Nehisi Coates Essay We will write a custom essay on The Phenomenology Of Racism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Works Citied Conley, Dalton. 2001. â€Å"A Room with a View or a Room of One’s Own? Housing and Social Strati- fication.† Sociological Forum 16(2):263-280. Cross, William E. 1991. Shades of Black: Diversity in African American Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2006. Racism without Racists. Second ed. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Buckley, Tamara R. and Robert T. Carter. 2005. â€Å"Black Adolescent Girls: Do Gender Role and Racial Identity: Impact Their Self-Esteem.† Sex Roles 53:9/10:647-661 Jaret, Charles and Donald C. Reitzes. 1999. â€Å"The Importance of Racial-Ethnic Identity and Social Setting for Blacks, Whites, and Multiracials.† Sociological Perspectives 42(4):711-737. Lewis, Amanda E., Mark Chesler and Tyrone A. Forman. 2000. â€Å"The Impact of ‘Colorblind’ Ideologies on Students of Color: Intergroup Relations at a Predominantly White University.† The Journal of Negro Education 69(1/2, Knocking Seligman, Amanda Irene. 2003. â€Å"What is the Second Ghetto?† Journal of Urban History 29: 272-280. Tatum, Beverly. 1997. Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? New York: Basic Books. Tatum, Beverley. 2004. â€Å"Family Life and School Experience: Factors in the Racial Identity Development of Black Youth in white Communities.† Journal of Social Issues 60:1: 117-135.

Compare and contrast the socialist path to development Essays

Compare and contrast the socialist path to development Essays Compare and contrast the socialist path to development Essay Compare and contrast the socialist path to development Essay Compare and contrast the socialist way to development with mention to any two 3rd universe states. Cuba and Vietnam present us with two interesting and absorbing states seeking to follow the socialist way to development. The socialist way to development can be contrasted with the capitalist way to development. The first can be defined as economic development without capital, the 2nd as economic development with capital, where capital is money and merchandises which can be consumed. Although this is possibly an simplism, it provides a orderly heuristic tool by which we can compare and contrast the waies taken by Cuba and Vietnam. A job presents itself at the beginning in utilizing this definition of development A popular step of development is normally gross domestic merchandise per capita ( GDP ) of population, which is a step of capital, and hence non suited as a socialist step. In the absence of another step, nevertheless, we will follow this step, but with an explicitly historical prejudice. Comparison and contrast can so be made over clip, with mentions to historical events in each state, saying when they happened. The socialist way to development has its beginnings in the work of Karl Marx, a German philosopher whose chief part was likely the labour theory of value, which states that economic value is derived non from capital, but from the labor required to make the capital. Failure to mensurate capital in this manner leads to disaffection of labor, he says, and finally socialist revolution. In Cuba the socialist revolution happened in 1959, led by Fidel Castro, who introduced socialism from 1960 onwards. His first actions were to nationalize all big farms, or convey so under public ownership, and take all foreign ownership of belongings, largely US belongings. In 1991 Cuba had a GDP per capita of US $ 1580, which is has non yet surpassed, because of the diminution in economic activity with other socialist states. The consequence of nationalizing all big farms was to centralize production and to distribute it every bit amongst all Cubans. By making so, Castro removed competition amongst husbandmans, who now had to farm to run into with formal political programs. Equally significantly harmonizing to Marx’s philosophy, was societal policy, which led to Cuba developing better lodging, wellness and educational policy than anyplace else in the Caribbean. Cuba now has more physicians per capita than about anywhere else in the universe, a lower infant mortality rate than most states and a lower pupil to teacher ratio than France, Germany, the United Kingdom or the United States. Although officially still a socialist democracy, Cubans are progressively abandoning the rigorous Marxist philosophy of public ownership of the factors of production, in favor of a mix of public and private. President Castro maintains that Cuba is still ruled with socialist ideals, with the Central Planning Board he established in the 1960’s still running five twelvemonth programs that set monetary values of all economic factors. Cuba relies on international monetary values for its exports, nevertheless, most peculiarly for its rich nickel resources. It might be argued that because it is an island, Cuba is more able to maintain its philosophy pure, but because it is non economically self-sufficing, the state must trust on international economic sciences to bring forth factors on its land. By contrast, Vietnam has land boundary lines with other states, with whom it engages in trade, most notably with China, the state possibly most responsible for its socialist civilization. Historically, Vietnam has been socialist since June 1976, when the communist North united with the South to go a one-party province. Prior to this, the North had been socialist since the licking of the Japanese in the 2nd universe war, which occupied Vietnam and allowed the Vichy French to administer. Full blown socialism was non possible until the terminal of the Vietnam War and the licking of the American oppositions to socialism. Vietnam’s GDP per capita was US $ 435 in 2002. This compares unfavorably with Cuba, nevertheless Vietnam is a preponderantly agricultural economic system, and it is possible that its economic system is more socialist as a consequence. The ground for this is that Vietnam’s land is publically owned, like Cuba’s, but because Vietnam does non hold Cuba’s natural resources independent of the land, socialist ownership is much more recognized by the Vietnamese public. For case, between 1997 and 2001 Vietnam’s production of Piper nigrum and java, whose growing relies on the land, developed by 338 % and 100 % . Of Vietnam’s labour force, 65 % is employed on the land, hence Marx’s labour theory of value is clearly applicable ; in this state, with so many people deducing their income from publically owned land, there is improbable to be much force per unit area for democratic elections, because people will understand their economic endurance is guaranteed by socialism which values their labour independently of the land value. In developmental footings, Vietnam is much more a 3rd universe state than Cuba, because of this agricultural labor force. Phan new wave Khai, the Vietnamese Prime Minister, is no longer required to continue socialism under the 2001 fundamental law. This most recent of the five fundamental laws requires the Vietnamese authorities to protect the rights of Vietnamese life abroad. As the leader of the authorities, Phan van Khai and his predecessors have non been required to construct socialism since 1980, when socialism was dropped from the fundamental law. In May 2004 the agribusiness and rural development curate, Le Huy Ngo, was dismissed from the authorities for leting corruptness in his ministry. The parliament, elected since 1992, played a big function in his dismissal. The contrast with Cuba, which does non keep elections, is uncomparable. In decision, we can summarize by stating that the way to development in Cuba and Vietnam has greatly changed since the origin of socialism. Karl Marx’s socialist theories have been mostly superseded by capitalist steps of development, if non capitalism itself, because of the democratic and international force per unit areas which favour economic over socialist development. The 19th century that gave birth to socialism relied mostly on agricultural laborers to transport out its socialist revolutions, which are antithetical to development, hence likely there is no true socialist way to development.

The Function of the Federal Reserve System in the US Economy

The Function of the Federal Reserve System in the US Economy When countries issue currency, especially fiat currency that is not specifically backed by any commodity, it is necessary to have a central bank whose job it is to monitor and regulate the supply, distribution, and transacting of currency. In the United States, the central bank is called the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve currently consists of the Federal Reserve Board in Washington, D.C., and twelve regional Federal Reserve banks located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, San Francisco, and St. Louis. Created in 1913, the history of the Federal Reserve represents the federal government’s   ongoing effort to achieve the goals of any central banking system - ensure a secure American financial system by maintaining a stable currency backed by the benefits of high employment and minimal inflation.   Brief History of the Federal Reserve System The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act. In crafting the landmark legislation, Congress was responding to a series of economic panics, bank failures, and credit scarcity that had plagued the nation for decades. When President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act into law on December 23, 1913, it stood as a classic example of an all-too-rare politically bipartisan compromise balancing the need for a consistently regulated centralized national banking system with the competing interests of established private banks backed by a strong â€Å"will of the people† populist sentiment. Over the more than 100 years since its creation, responding to economic disasters, such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s, have required the Federal Reserve to expand its roles and responsibilities. The Federal Reserve and the Great Depression As U.S. Representative Carter Glass had warned, years of speculative investments led to the disastrous â€Å"Black Thursday† stock market crash of October 29, 1929. By 1933, the resulting Great Depression had resulted in the failure of nearly 10,000 banks, leading newly inaugurated President Franklin D. Roosevelt to declare a banking holiday. Many people blamed the crash on the Federal Reserve’s failure to stop the speculative lending practices quickly enough and for its lack of an in-depth understanding of monetary economics necessary to implement regulations that might have lessened the devastating poverty resulting from the Great Depression.  Ã‚   In response to the Great Depression, Congress passed the Banking Act of 1933, better known as the Glass-Steagall Act. The Act separated commercial from investment banking and required collateral in the form of government securities for Federal Reserve notes. In addition, Glass-Steagall required the Federal Reserve to examine and certify all banking and financial holding companies. In a final financial reform, President Roosevelt effectively ended the long-standing practice of backing U.S. currency by physical precious metals by recalling all gold and paper silver certificates, effectively ending the gold standard. Over the years since the Great Depression, the duties of the Federal Reserve expanded significantly. Today, its responsibilities include supervising and regulating banks, maintaining the stability of the financial system and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. How Does the Federal Reserve System Work? The Federal Reserve system is overseen by a seven-member board of governors, with one member of this committee chosen as the chairman (commonly known as the Chairman of the Fed). The president of the United States is responsible for appointing Fed chairmen to four-year terms (with confirmation from the Senate), and the current Fed chair is Janet Yellen. (The regular members of the board of governors serve fourteen-year terms.) The presidents of the regional banks are appointed by each individual branchs board of directors. The Federal Reserve system serves a number of functions, which generally fall into a couple of categories: first, it is the Feds job to ensure that the banking system stays responsible and solvent. While this does sometimes mean that the Fed has to work with the three branches of government to think about explicit legislation and regulation, it more often means that the Fed works in a transactional sense to clear checks and to act as a lender to banks that want to borrow money themselves. (The Fed does this mainly to keep the system stable and is referred to as the lender of last resort, since the process is not really encouraged.) The other function of the Federal Reserve system is to control the money supply. The Federal Reserve can control the amount of money (highly liquid assets such as currency and checking deposits) in a number of ways. The most common way is to increase and decrease the amount of money in the economy via open-market operations. Open-Market Operations Open-market operations simply refer to the process of the Federal Reserve buying and selling U.S. government bonds. When the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply, it simply purchases government bonds from the public. This works to increase the money supply because, as the buyer of the bonds, the Federal Reserve is giving out dollars to the public. The Federal Reserve also keeps government bonds in its portfolio and sells them when it wants to decrease the money supply. Selling decreases the money supply because the buyers of the bonds give currency to the Federal Reserve, which takes that cash out of the hands of the public. There are two important things to note about open-market operations: first, the Fed itself isnt directly responsible for printing money. Printing money is handled by the Treasury, and there are multiple channels by which the money gets into circulation. (Sometimes, for example, the new money just replaces worn-out currency.) Second, the Federal Reserve doesnt actually create or issue the government bonds, it just handles them in secondary markets. (Technically, open-market operations could be conducted with a number of different assets, but it makes sense for the government to manipulate the supply and demand of an asset that was issued by the government itself.) Other Monetary Policy Tools Although not used nearly as frequently as open-market operations, there are other tools that the Federal Reserve can use to change the amount of money in the economy. One option is to change the reserve requirement for banks. Banks create money in an economy when they loan out customers deposits (since both the deposit and the loan count as money), and the reserve requirement is the percentage of deposits that banks have to keep on hand rather than lending out. An increase in the reserve requirement, therefore, restricts the amount that banks can lend out and thus reduces the money supply. Conversely, a decrease in the reserve requirement increases the number of loans that banks can make and increases the money supply. (This, of course, assumes that banks want to lend more when they are allowed to do so.) The Federal Reserve can also change the money supply by changing the interest rate that it charges banks when it acts as the lender of last resort. The process by which banks borrow from the Federal Reserve is called the discount window, and the interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges is called the discount rate. When the discount rate is increased, it is more expensive for banks to borrow in order to cover their reserve requirements. Therefore, a higher discount rate causes banks to be more careful about reserves and make fewer loans, which reduces the money supply. On the other hand, lowering the discount rate makes it cheaper for banks to rely on borrowing from the Federal Reserve and increases the number of loans they are willing to make, thus increasing the money supply. Decisions regarding monetary policy are handled by the Federal Open Market Committee, which meets approximately every six weeks in Washington in order to discuss changing the money supply and other economic issues. Updated by Robert Longley

Digital Firm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Digital Firm - Assignment Example core purpose of the technological platforms in the digital firm involves the integration and exchange of information within the organization’s major key players. In the global scale, changes in working location, business agility and automation of business processes have led to the reconfiguration of the working culture within an organization and hence the proliferation of digital firms. The evolving trend in information and communication technology have devalued the need of an established location such as an office and instead advocated for direct contact with employees, suppliers and customers for effective business undertakings. The electronic collaboration and online teamwork have enabled digital firms to carryout international projects, which were extremely expensive and time consuming in the traditional fixed locations. Such stances enable employees and other key players to work from their convenient locations using telecommunication channels. The use of technology has enabled the contemporary digital firms to acquire the necessary expertise to conduct their business regardless of their business size. The notion is compounded by the fact that cheap telecommunication channels are easily accessible. The traditional big organization were considered less agile as compared to the small firms but using technology the big firms are able to act small in order to reap maximum benefits. The digital firm makes use of information systems to carry out its activity, which lead to the automation of all the business processes. In order to enhance the automation of business processes, digital firms engages in the reengineering of working processes and procedures before a new technological infrastructure is introduced. In a digital firm, the required efficiency is attained through redefining, redesigning and refining workflow within the various structures of the organization. Coca-Cola firm, which is an international food processing organization that employs information

Analyzing Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Analyzing Language - Essay Example He therefore succeeds in being both assertive and courteous: firm and polite, and forthright and respectful, all in one breathe. In my opinion, a good citizen is one who puts the interest of society before his own; and is ready to champion a course for the common good, without necessarily seeking for personal profit. Dr King has his objectives set beyond his immediate society to global concerns. Though his primary motivation is the liberation of the African-American, he uses this opportunity to go further to other people’s concerns- Jews, Asians, South Americans, Caribbeans and Africans. This concern for and awareness of global issues makes him a global citizen of sorts. Dr. King is accommodative of other people. Even as he accuses the whites of injustice, he admits that there are some who partner with him in his course. â€Å"Some, like Ralph McGill †¦, have written about our struggle in eloquent, prophetic, and understanding terms.† (King Jr., pg 4). He concedes that some whites have suffered with them in jail, police brutality and being branded "dirty nigger lovers." (King Jr., pg 4). As a good citizen, he does not condemn the entire white race, but wisely singles out the â€Å"moderate brothers† (King Jr., pg 4) whom he addresses. Besides, he condemns the â€Å"white church†, but concedes that â€Å"there are some notable exceptions.† (King Jr., pg 5) Dr. King is a mediator and an advocate for non-violence. He stands â€Å"†¦ in the middle of two opposing forces†. On one end are the complacent and insensitive African-Americans; and on the other, the extreme African American who is at the verge of violence in the course of fighting for their rights. The complacent African-Americans have been so subjected to oppression â€Å"†¦ that they have adjusted to segregation,† (King, Jr. Pg 4) while the extremist African-Americans have been so frustrated by racism that they â€Å"†¦have lost faith in America.† (King Jr. Pg 4). As a good citizen, he

Adolescent Depression: Causes, Effects and Treatments

Adolescent Depression: Causes, Effects and Treatments Teenage Depression Urooba Fatima Depression is defined as a medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, unimportant and is often unable to live in a normal way (Merriam-Websters online Dictionary, n.d.). In 2004 alone, it was reported that 11.2 percent of teens suffered from depression (Depression in Children and Adolescents, n.d. para.1). Symptoms that adolescents tend to show when suffering from depression are difficulty with relationships, loss of interest in hobbies, persistent sadness, feeling of hopelessness and the feeling of guilt and/or worthlessness. There are many possible results that stem from depression, such as suicide, substance abuse and alcohol abuse. For various reasons, people fail to realize that majority of the youth in the U.S suffer from depression. People in todays society need to recognize the severity of depression and provide better treatments for their youth. In the past, people did not believe that children and adolescents could go through depression, but today teens show so many signs of depression that it is impossible to ignore. By the time 11 percent of adolescents turn 18 years old they have at least one depressive episode (Merikangas, n.d). One of the leading causes of disability in Americans is major depressive episode, according to the World Health Organization (Merikangas, n.d). The reason depression in adolescents has been ignored so long is that it can be very difficult to tell whether an adolescent is showing symptoms of depression or just going through a phase (Depression in Children and Adolescents, n.d). Before reaching adulthood about 20 to 30 percent of adolescent have one major depressive episode. 25 percent of adults who suffer from depression, started to show signs of depression in their adolescence (Schwarz, 2009). By 2020 depression will compete with heart disease as the â€Å"health disorder with the highest disea se burden in the world.†(Reuters, 2011) Depression in adolescents can be caused by many things but three of the main factors are genetic causes, biological causes, and environmental causes. Genetic factors are traits that you may inherit from your parents (Definition of Genetics, n.d.). Some examples of genetic causes are adolescents with a relative who is or has been depressed is more likely to get depressed. The most common types of depression that runs in the family are bipolar depression and severe major depression (Kim, n.d). However just because depression runs in one’s family does not mean that he/she` will suffer from depression. Depression can also arise in adolescents who do not have a family history of depression There has been a great deal of research that has been done to determine a biological cause, and after many years, researchers have concluded that depression may be caused by abnormal delivery of key neurotransmitters (chemical messengers to the brain)(National Institute of Mental Health, n.d). There are many neurotransmitters that can cause depression but one of the most essential neurotransmitters is serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical that helps deliver signals from one area of the brain to the other. Serotonin is also important for the well-being feelings, imbalances in the brain’s serotonin levels can cause depression (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d). Environmental causes are the influences that one may have from social and cultural that shape a person’s life.There are many environmental causes that may contribute to depression, such as the loss of a loved one, a traumatic event in one’s life, and big changes in one’s life (Healthline Editorial Team, 2012). Events such as these can cause a person to start feeling hopeless. However some research states that getting depressed because of traumatic or stressful event is because that person already has depression. According to Dr. Nassir Ghaemi most people never suffer from depression after a major life event (Ghaemi, 2012). Another environmental cause that can cause depression is bullying. Bullying is the ongoing physical or emotional victimization of one person from another person or a group of people (Bullying and Depression, n.d). Bullying can cause the victim to suffer from low self-esteem, and can also cause suicidal thoughts. People assume that only the child being bullied will suffer from depression in their life, but what they do not realize is that the bully is also at high risk of suffering from depression and suicidal thoughts (Klomek, Sourander, Gould, 2011). In the 1950’s and 1960’s doctors had started making a link between food and depression. Today we know that certain foods have a relation with depression (Laverie, 2010). Food additives are one of the many preservatives that contain synthetic chemicals, and research has proven that synthetic chemicals can cause many symptoms of depression to occur. Food additives are used to add flavor to foods, and to help make foods look more appealing. But the number one reason for using food additives is to help preserve food so that it can last longer (Bousch, n.d.). Research has proven that many food additives have a harmful effect for our health physically but also mentally. Just like food additives, industrial by-products have the same effect on ones mental health. Industrial by-products are products that are produced using machines in factories (Merriam-Webster’s online Dictionary, n.d.). Some examples of food additives that have been proven to have a negative effect on m ental health are foods that are identified as â€Å"sugar-free† or â€Å"diet† (Bousch, n.d) These foods all contain Aspartame, better known as artificial sweeteners. Aspartame can cause many diseases including depression. Another food additive to avoid is monosodium glutamate (MSG), an amino acid used in many frozen foods and chips. MSG can damage cells even to the point of death by over exciting them, and MSG can also affect neurological pathways. If many of these causes are not avoided, adolescents may suffer from depression which may have many consequences. Depression, if left untreated, has many effects. One of effect of depression is substance abuse. Substance abuse and mental disorders usually co-occur in adolescence. Adolescence suffering from depression are usually in search of a way of making themselves feel better, which usually leads them to drugs and alcohol. Teens who try to self medicate marijuana and other drugs end up making their depression worse (Adolescence Depression and Substance Abuse, n.d). Drug abuse and alcohol abuse can also cause suicide because it can impair one’s judgment and increasing their impulsivity, which can cause them to make decisions without thinking of the consequences (Suicide and Depression, n.d). Another effect depression can have on adolescents is a negative impact on school performance. Depression can cause lack of concentration which causes a disinterest in school. Also students tend to be more forgetful when suffering from depression, which causes them to forget about assignments, tests, and quizzes which can cause grades to go down. Another issue adolescents face in school is with insubordination. Depressed adolescents get into more fights and arguments with peers and teachers. School performance can also affect depression, for example doing poorly in school may have an effect on one’s self esteem. School also can be a trigger for stress, which is another cause of depression. Also, adolescents have trouble interacting with their peers which may discourage them from wanting to go to school (Depression, n.d). One of the biggest consequences of leaving depression untreated is suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents in the U.S. (Suicide Prevention, n.d). The number one cause for suicide is untreated depression (Caruso, n.d). There are many reasons why adolescents commit suicide but most of the time it’s because they think it’s the only solution to their problems and they are unable to see that they can turn their life around (Teenage Suicide, 1999). According to Center for Disease Control over 90 percent of the time someone commits suicide it is because they have a mental disorder that can be treated and if it were treated there would be a less number of suicides in the U.S (Suicide Prevention, n.d). Suicide shares many symptoms with depression but to a much more greater extent, for example extreme hopelessness, insomnia, heightened panic attacks, and irritability (Some Facts about Suicide and Depression, n.d). Depression, unlike many other diseases, is treatable. There are many different approaches to treating depression such as antidepressants, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive shock therapy. Antidepressants are used to balance chemicals in your brain called neurotransmitters (Greenlaw, n.d). Antidepressants help improve your mood, your appetite, and your sleep (Greenlaw, n.d). Like all medications, antidepressants have negative side effects, for example sometimes antidepressants can make some people feel suicidal, also antidepressants can cause nausea, weight gain, headaches, sweating, and diarrhea(Smith, Robinson, Segal, Ramsey, 2014). Psychotherapy is a series of ways of treating mental health, emotional and some psychiatric disorders (Psychotherapies, n.d). Another word for psychotherapy is talk therapy, psychotherapy involves having people understand their mental disorder (Psychotherapies, n.d). Psychotherapy also teaches one how to deal with stress and unhealthy thoughts. There are many different types of psychotherapy, because everyone responds differently to treatments. Some people may have to meet with the therapist alone whereas some people prefer to be with a group of people (Psychotherapies, n.d). There aren’t many negative side effects of psychotherapy, but one negative in choosing this method treatment is not always being able to find fully qualified therapists who can treat depression this way (Jollant, n.d). Electroconvulsive therapy is when you pass electric currents through the brain to cause brain seizures (Mayo Clinic Staff). Electroconvulsive therapy can reverse certain symptoms of mental illnesses faster than other treatments (Mayo Clinic Staff, n.d). Electroconvulsive therapy is known to be the most effective treatment for severe depression (Szalavitz, 2012). One of the biggest negative effects of electroconvulsive therapy is memory loss (Side Effects and Risks, n.d). People may also suffer from cardiovascular complications, dental and oral trauma, and skin burns (Park, n.d). Islam is a holistic religion, meaning that it has an impact on every aspect of one’s life. Everyone must face some trials and tribulations in life, it doesn’t matter how religious one person may be they can still be tested, as stated in this ayah in the Quran: â€Å"Do people think that they will be left alone because they say: â€Å"We believe,† and will not be tested?† (Qur’an 29:2). Islam teaches its believers never to despair and always have hope in Allah (swt). no matter how hard the situation maybe at the moment that Allah (swt) will also provide that person with relief afterwards (Quran 94:5). Islam believes that shaytaan can make one feel like they’re being punished so one may tend to lose hope and forget that it may only be a test from Allah (swt) not a punishment. According to some, trials and tribulation can also strengthen one’s relationship with Allah (swt) (Bataski, 2011). When someone feels depressed or down at times Allah (swt) states in the quran to always turn to him because he is the only true source of light and guidance. People may go through difficult times in their lives but they should always know that Allah (swt) will always be there for them to turn to. Society needs to recognize the importance of depression and should be able to equip it’s youth with treatments. If many people understood the causes of depression then maybe people would not ignore their symptoms and would go and get treatment for themselves or their children. If depression stays ignored then and nothing is done to help todays youth then there will be a rise in the number of deaths by suicide.

Earhquake in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia

On December 26, 2004, mass destruction and devastation was the result of a large earthquake off of the West Coast of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake began in the early morning on Sunday at 7:58:53 AM, and wreaked havoc on thousands in the affected areas. BBC News reported on the earthquake, stating that â€Å"Sunday’s tremor – the fourth largest since 1990 – had a particularly widespread effect because it seems to have taken place just below the surface of the ocean, analysts say† (BBC News). The earthquake had significant effect on the region and the people living in these regions. Not only was the earthquake damaging and devastating, but the quake was also the cause of a correlated tsunami that caused even more damage and destruction to the area. â€Å"This earthquake is the largest event in the world in 40 years, and produced the most devastating tsunami recorded in history† (Lay). â€Å"Coastal communities across South Asia – and more than 4,000 km away in Africa – were swept away and homes engulfed by waves up to 10 m high after the quake created a tsunami that sped across the ocean† (BBC News). The geographic location of the Earthquake in absolute location is 3. 316? North, 95. 854? East; and the relative location of the quake was off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra, which was 155 miles South Southeast of Banda Aceh, Sumatra Indonesia, and 185 miles West of Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia (USGS). The earthquake that shook the West of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, as well as many other neighboring countries, was of a great 9. 0 magnitude on the Richter scale. â€Å"At the source of the earthquake, the interface between the India plate and the Burma plate dips about 10 degrees to the east-northeast. The subducting plate dips more steeply at greater depths†(USGS). The quake occurred when the Earth’s crust, a 1,200 km segment of the crust, shifted beneath the Indian Ocean, as far as 10 to 20 meters below (Marshall). As the crust shifted and the quake went into motion, a substantial amount of energy was released. Energy released by this overwhelming earthquake was an â€Å"estimated 20X10^17 Joules, or 475,000 kilotons (475 megatons) of TNT, or the equivalent of 23,000 Nagasaki bombs† (Marshall). All of this stored elastic energy that was released by the earthquake, in turn initiated the† uplift of the seafloor and the displacement of billions of gallons of seawater† (Marshall). These events lead to a massive tsunami. â€Å"Over a period of 10 hours, the tsunami triggered by the quake struck the coasts of over 12 countries† (Marshall). â€Å"The region where the great earthquake occurred on 26 December 2004, marks the seismic boundary formed by the movement of the Indo-Australian plate as it collides with the Burma subplate, which is part of the Eurasian plate† (Pararas-Carayannis). â€Å"For millions of years the India tectonic plate has drifted and moved in a north/northeast direction, colliding with the Eurasian tectonic plate and forming the Himalayan Mountains. As a result of such migration and collision with both the Eurasian and the Australian tectonic plates, the Indian plate’s eastern boundary is a diffuse zone of seismicity and deformation, characterized by the extensive faulting and numerous large earthquakes† (Pararas-Carayannis). â€Å"Previous major earthquakes have occurred further north, in the Andaman Sea and further South along the Sumatra, Java and Sunda section of one of the earth’s greatest fault zones, a subduction zone known as the Sunda Trench. Slippage and plate subduction make this region highly seismic† (Pararas-Carayannis). In addition to the Sunda Trench, the Sumatra Fault is responsible for seismic activity on the Island of Sumatra. This is a strike-slip type of fault which extends along the entire length of the island† (Pararas-Carayannis). East of northwest Sumatra, â€Å"a divergent plate boundary separates the Burma plate from the Sunda plate† (Pararas-Carayannis). â€Å"More specifically, in the region off the west coast of northern Sumatra, the India plate is moving in a northeastward direction at about 5 to 5. 5 cm per year relative to the Burma plate† (Pararas-Carayannis). The region where the earthquake occurred –and particularly the Andaman Sea- is a very active seismic area. Also Sumatra is in the center of one of the world’s most seismically active regions. Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 8 struck Sumatra in 1797, 1833, and 1861† (Pararas-Carayannis). It is obvious that Indonesia is an area that is highly susceptible to earthquakes, because of the shifts and movements of the tectonic plates that Indonesia lies on. â€Å"Indonesia is surrounded by four major tectonic plates, the Pacific, the Eurasian, the Australian, and the Philippine plates. All these major tectonic plates and their subplates are presently active. Major earthquakes and tsunamis can be expected in the semi-enclosed seas and along the Indian Ocean side of Indonesia. Major earthquakes in the semi-enclosed seas can generate destructive local tsunamis in the Sulu, Banda, and Java Seas. Major earthquakes along the Sunda Trench can generate tsunamis that can be destructive not only in Indonesia but to other countries bordering the Indian Ocean† (Pararas-Carayannis). The major tectonic feature in the region is the Sunda Arc that extends approximately 5,600 km between the Andaman Islands in the northwest and the Banda Arc in the east. The Sunda Arc consists of three primary segments; the Sumatra segment, the Sunda Strait Segment and the Java Segment. These locations represent the area of greatest seismic exposure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pararas-Carayannis). â€Å"In the immediate vicinity off Northern Sumatra, most of the stress and energy that had accumulated were released by the crustal movement that caused the 26 December 2004 earthquake. The subduction of the India tectonic plate underneath the Burma plate cause upward thrusting of an extensive block and generated the destructive tsunami† (Pararas-Carayannis). As the Burma plate â€Å"snapped upward, it was a huge geologic event. The dislocation of the boundary between the Indian and Burma plates took place over a length of 745 miles and within three days had set off 69 aftershocks† (Elliot). â€Å"The aftersocks represent nature’s way of restoring stability and temporary equilibrium. It is unlikely that a destructive tsunami will occur again soon in the same region, however caution is advised for coastal residents in Northern Sumatra and in the Nicobar and Andaman Islands. If an afterschock is strong enough and it is strongly felt, evacuation to higher elevation is advised. In fact, strong shaking of the ground is nature’s warning that a tsunami may be imminent† (Pararas-Carayannis). The natural disasters also create natural warning signs that more damage may be upcoming. The aftershocks suggest that the earthquake rupture had a maximum length of 1200—1300 km parallel to the Sunda trench and a width of over 100 km perpendicular to the earthquake source† (USGS). Many things can be taken into account, analyzed, and hopefully used in the future to reduce the number of casualties and losses as a result of an earthquake of such magnitude. The importance of this earthquake and its effects on the communities devastated by this earthquake are many. â€Å"According to the latest official reports (Ministry of Health) 166,320 people were killed, 127,774 are still missing and 655,000 people were displaced in Northern Sumatra. A total of 110 bridges were destroyed, 5 seaports and 2 airports sustained considerable damage, and 82% of all roads were severely damaged. The death toll is expected to rise† (Pararas-Carayannis). â€Å"There were many lessons already learned from this tragic event in Southeast Asia. Many more lessons will be learned in the near future as this tragedy unfolds and reveals the many failures to value and protect human life in this neglected region of the world. Indeed a bitter lesson was already learned that great earthquakes and destructive tsunamis do occur in this region† (Pararas-Carayannis). The communities of people living in this region that is highly susceptible to earthquakes and tsunamis could learn important information about the somewhat safer areas to reside, or safety techniques to carry out and be aware of while in the midst of a natural disaster. â€Å"The magnitude of the tsunami disaster could have been mitigated with a proper disaster preparedness plan and a functioning early warning system† (Pararas-Carayannis). â€Å"However the strong shaking by the earthquake should have been nature’s warning for local residents that a tsunami was imminent and they could have run to higher ground to save their lives. A simple program of public education and awareness of the potential hazard could have saved many lives in the immediate area† (Pararas-Carayannis). It would be imagined after having at least four earthquakes of 9. 0 magnitude or greater in the region, that residents, public officials, and even tourists could easily find or allowed , much less given, information needed to promote awareness for the possible catastrophes and preventive methods for any type of damage that can be sustained and anticipated. For the more distant coastlines of India, Shri-Lanka, and other locations in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean, there was ample time to issue a warning –if only an early warning system existed for this region of the world and if there was a way of communicating the information to the coastal residents of threatened areas. No such warning system exists at the present time –the lack of disaster awareness or preparedness is appalling. A simple educational program on hazard awareness could have prevented the extensive losses of lives –particularly of children. One third of those that perished were children† (Pararas-Carayannis). The severity of damages resulting from the earthquake and subsequent tsunami is devastating, and what makes this natural disaster even more tragic is to know that some preventive measures could have been taken. There are adequate instruments and warning systems that have been developed and are currently being used currently in other locations around the world where devices sufficiently predict and send signal out for the warning of tsunamis. It is often because of insufficient funds or simple neglect for an organized plan of action to take in cases of emergencies as such. â€Å"India and Shri-Lanka are not members of the International Warning System in the Pacific and they have not shown interest in joining any regional early warning systems. An erroneous belief has persisted that tsunamis do not occur frequently enough to warrantee participation into a regional tsunami warning system. Local government authorities in the region did not even have a plan for disseminating warning information to threatened coastlines –even if a warning had been provided. There was not even a basic educational plan for disaster preparedness. It should be obvious that such a program is necessary to prevent similar tragedies in the future† (Pararas-Carayannis). â€Å"In Sri-Lanka alone, more than one million people are displaced and aid workers are under pressure to ensure they have clean water and sanitation to prevent an outbreak of disease† (BBC News). This earthquake is significantly important to the people affected in the surrounding communities, as well as the geologic setting of this disaster. â€Å"Five main reasons why this disaster was so deadly: 1) High population density on low-lying coastal areas of the Indian Ocean, 2) Short distance from tsunami source to populated low lying coasts, leaving little time for warning, 3) No tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean, 4)Poor and developing countries with vulnerable infrastructure and minimal disaster preparedness, 5) Little public awareness of tsunami hazard† (Marshall). It is impossible to be able to prevent natural disasters from occurring, but there are some measures that can be taken to help prevent the cause of some injuries and deaths. The measures that can be taken to prevent more harm than already caused may seem insignificant in the grand scheme of the disaster, yet the smallest preventive measures and knowledge to be aware of certain signals to promote safety awareness, such as knowing when to move to higher ground after initial shaking or some basic understanding of simple, but possibly life-saving medical treatments. It is apparent that Indonesia and surrounding countries are vulnerable to earthquakes with possible tsunamis that may cause mass destruction. Residents in Indonesia and surrounding countries should be informed and aware of the potential disaster zones they live in, in efforts to take some sort of preventive procedures such as building more secure homes on more stable location, to keep medical aid kits stocked and easily accessible, and emergency plans of action if disaster strikes and a family is separated for example. The damage resulting from the 2004 Sumatra, Indonesia Earthquake was remarkably widespread, causing extensive devastation to the land, buildings, and communities including hundreds of thousands deaths and injuries across thousands of kilometers It is also obvious that Indonesia and majority of the adjacent countries need to significantly work to create a disaster plan, educational programs to make people knowledgeable about nature’s hazards, and to adapt a system to detect and transmit information and messages for early warning signs. The great amount of destruction and loss of human life due to these kinds of natural hazards cannot be prevented, but the amount of devastation suffered would be substantially less if these precautions were taken advantage of and actually put into effect.